Remembering Ruth

large_candleThese eulogies were given by my uncle, mother, aunt, father, and myself at the December 24, 2013, memorial service for my grandmother, Ruth Marcus. She had died two days prior, in her home and in the presence of her family, at the age of 91 and a half. Her cousin Beverly Copeland also created a written tribute for Ruth.

Dick Marcus

For the last several years, Mom and I would go out for lunch each Saturday. One of our favorite spots was Georgie V’s, a pleasant breakfast and lunch diner in Northbrook. At some point, I guess, we became regulars, known to the waiters and waitresses and bus boys as well as the restaurant owner, George Vlhalkis. On several occasions, after chatting with my mom, George would put his large hand on my shoulder and tell me that he wished all his customers could be like my mother.

I would smile and nod, knowingly. But there was a part of me that was thinking, “Whoa, George…Be careful what you wish.”

I would be thinking that if all of his customers were like my mother, the first thing George would need to do would be to throw away his reservation book. It would be worthless. To my mom, appointment times, movie times, event times, reservation times, were more like suggestions, more like ranges. And the older she got, the longer those ranges became. Mom just couldn’t be rushed, it just wasn’t her way.

And while he was at it, George might as well have tossed his menus too. Why? Because they would just be a nuisance. Listen. When mom went to Georgie V, she used to pick up the impressive six page menu and study it closely, intensely like a Talmudic scholar searching for clues to the meaning of life. And then, finally, she would order, yet again, two scrambled eggs. Which she wouldn’t eat. You see, to my mom, going to a restaurant, or gathering for a holiday feast for that matter, had nothing to do with eating. The food was irrelevant. Merely a prop. The importance was that we were together, talking, laughing, telling stories. So, no need for menus. Scrambled eggs for everyone.

And finally I’d think that George would need to double his staff. You see people like my mother attract a gathering of waitresses and busboys to their tables. They trade stories and catch up. George would need a lot more help then to keep the coffee cups filled and the orders taken.

But in truth, of course, I know what George meant. Actually, anyone who knew my mother at all knows what he meant. George meant that he wished all his customers walked into his restaurant with a smile as broad and bright as my mom’s. With a smile like a billboard broadcasting the message “It’s good to see you, good to be here at this moment, in this place, with all of you.” That smile of my mom’s was contagious and disarming. Even strangers were compelled to smile back at my mom, perhaps just out of courtesy, but maybe because my mom’s smile somehow tickled them, somehow reminded them that warm and kind people still walk the earth.

And George meant that he wished all his customers were, like my mom, quicker to compliment than to criticize. More inclined to point out the positive than to dwell on the negative. And, like my mom, believing that tone and temper should be thoughtfully calibrated to fit the situation. So that, if a customer needed to tell a waitress that the soup was too cold, then, like my mom, the customer would say it with a light touch, understanding that we are only talking about soup, not life or death.

And, I think that George meant that he even wished all his customers had my mom’s special talent, her special affinity, for putting people at ease and engaging them in conversation. I think he wished that all his customers had mom’s ability to listen to other people with an interest that was understanding and sincere. Indeed, wherever my mom went, including George’s crowded restaurant, mom could strike up a conversation with someone, and, more often than not, learn about the other person’s family, the person’s job, the person’s aspirations.

You see, Mom understood that every person’s life was a story, that every person’s life had its share of pathos, comedy, and drama. And by her asking a few questions and taking a few minutes to let a person share a bit of their life’s story with her, mom was affirming that that person’s life story was interesting, that it had value, that it was worth taking the time to hear. And who isn’t flattered a bit by something like that?

Mom’s smiles, kind words and friendly ear were not reserved to Georgie V’s of course. They were a part of her wherever she went. They were her gifts to all she met. Her contribution to making the world just a little bit brighter, a little bit happier. Indeed, you may find it fitting sometime during these next few days or weeks to pass a greeting on to someone you don’t know, or to take an extra moment to listen to someone’s story. I believe it would honor mom. And you might find it easier to do than you think, and more rewarding than you know.


Barbara Marcus Felt

I’ve been reflecting on my mom’s life lately and, these past few days, on her death.

I’ve been asking myself, “What did she want to teach me? And what have I learned?”

An anecdote keeps coming to mind. My mom had this habit that used to irritate my Aunt Audrey to no end. After my mom had finished washing her hands in a public ladies’ room, she would take a paper towel and wipe the sink area. The stray splashes on the counter and droplets on the faucet – my mom wiped ‘em all up. In a public washroom. After her hands were clean. My aunt would go crazy and even I would be mildly irritated because, usually, we’d be late to go somewhere.

I used to admonish her, “Mom, what are you doing???”

And she’d turn to me and say, “Barb, you have to leave it a little better than you found it.”

I think that’s the lesson that my mom meant for me to learn: As we go through life, we have to leave it a little better than we found it.


Sue Milner Marcus

I’ve had the privilege of knowing Ruth for over 44 years, for 7 years as Dick’s girlfriend (although he would never admit to that at the time), and for 37 years as her daughter-in-law. Now, many people love to make comments about their mothers-in-law, or tell mother-in-law jokes. I was talking with Rick the other day, and both of us independently came up with the same thought. Mother-in-law jokes did not apply to Ruth. She was one of the most warm, gracious, accepting women you would ever meet. Ruth, and Barbara as well, welcomed not only me, but my small extended family, into her life.

Prior to the death of Rick’s parents, our holiday gatherings consisted of the Marcuses, the Felts, and my family, the Milners. Dick and I never had to decide where to spend our holidays. We were one big family. Today, if people ask me who is coming over for Thanksgiving, which is a holiday we celebrate every year at our house, I don’t say that Dick’s family is coming over. Rather, without even realizing it, I say my family is coming over. And I believe that that is because of Ruth, and Ray as well, for whom family meant everything, and of course Dick and Barbara, who inherited Ruth’s values. And whenever Ruth would introduce me to her friends, she would introduce me as her darling daughter-in-law, and then would proceed to explain how she didn’t like to use the words “daughter-in-law,” as I was more like a second daughter. She accepted me unconditionally.

Ruth loved children, and had an unbelievable way with kids. A year after Leanne was born, I started teaching part time at Northeastern Illinois University. I would leave Leanne one afternoon each week with my mother, and one afternoon each week with Ruth, so that I could get some work done. When Dick or I would pick Leanne up from my mom’s, Leanne would be appropriately, if not over, dressed for the weather. But when I would pick Leanne up from Ruth’s house, I would be lucky if Leanne was even wearing a diaper. Ruth believed that kids needed to be free, and clothes were too encumbering. It sometimes dawns on me that Barbara and Dick are lucky that she ever let them go to school. It’s not that she didn’t value education. She just felt that public schools were too rigid. One of her favorite expressions was that our schools tried too hard to “put a square peg in a round hole.”

When Ruth used to baby-sit for our kids, we had to be careful not to come home to early, because Ruth would still be busy playing with them. One night, before Joe was born, Ruth and Ray baby sat for Leanne, who must have been 3 years old. We went out to dinner in Evanston, and then, since it was a very warm evening, decided to go for a walk along the lake. It was probably 8:30, and in the distance we noticed a little girl out on the beach with two adults, and we were thinking to ourselves that it was a bit late for a toddler to be out playing at that hour. As we approached them, we noticed that the little girl was blond, and the adults were not particularly young. Needless to say, once we got even closer we realized that the little girl was Leanne, playing with Grandma Ruth and Grandpa Ray. I am not sure who was having more fun—Leanne or Ruth.

Ruth was always so appreciative of everyone and everything. Whenever I had the family over for a holiday, I would always get a call from her the following day, and she would thank me for dinner and tell me it was amazing. It didn’t matter whether I cooked a brisket for Rosh Hashanah, or threw some hot dogs (which were her favorite) on the grill—it, and I, were still amazing. And “amazing” was one of Ruth’s favorite words. She used that word to describe her grandchildren all the time. It didn’t matter if they had only learned to blow their noses—they were simply amazing. And so, even though I could keep on going telling wonderful Ruth stories and providing more “Ruthisms,” I will end by simply saying: Ruth—you were amazing.


Rick Felt

I met Ruth Marcus in the winter of 1969 when I picked up Barbara for our first date. Barbara and I were both in our respective Skokie homes on Winter Break at that time. When I rang the doorbell, Ruth answered. She was smiling at me, and continued to do so for as long as we chatted in the foyer until Barbara completed her final touches upstairs. I wasn’t sure at that point whether Ruth’s smiles had anything to do with me in particular or just the fact that her daughter was going out on a date with a Jewish boy from Skokie.

During the next year, Barbara and I saw a lot of each other and we were engaged over the following winter break, and then married the next August. Ruth never stopped smiling. For the first 4 years of our marriage, until we left Chicago for a few years, we had dinner many Friday evenings at Ruth and Ray’s house– for her famous barbequed rotisserie chicken on the grill. Ruth smiled a lot as I gulped down that chicken each week.

In fact, Ruth kept smiling for decades to follow, encompassing the entire 43 years of our relationship. Even in the hospital bed in her apartment, until she no longer had the strength, she continued to smile and tell her stories. I had learned over the years that there were aspects of her life that troubled Ruth on occasion, as we all have experienced in our own lives for one reason or another. But Ruth was concerned enough about the feelings of the people she interacted with—whether new acquaintances, old friends, family, or staff at various restaurants and at the Vi where she lived– that Ruth did not want to trouble others with her problems and risk making them feel badly. So she just kept smiling and everyone smiled back at her.

If I were like a “fly on the wall” as they say, perched in a tree in the Garden of Eden, I am sure that I would have seen Ruth open her arms to greet the family who preceded her, and walk in with a big smile on her face, the smile we all knew and loved.


Laurel Felt

To be one of Ruth’s grandkids was to win the lottery. I doubt Gramma realized that, even though she thought quite a bit about lotteries.

Years ago, when the first Powerball was introduced in Florida, Gramma was convinced she would win. She fantasized about buying the apartment on Hollywood Beach that she and my grampa eventually rented for 17 winters.

Last Tuesday, my mom handed her mother a lottery ticket. “Somebody’s gotta win,” she said, reflecting Gramma’s logic right back at her. That was just after Gramma told my mom, “I’m not sure how much longer I can hold on.”

When a 91-and-a-half-year-old passes away, you can’t necessarily call it a surprise. Right? The probability of continuing to live just diminishes with time, and when you’ve racked up all this time, forget about it. But Gramma was so hardy – she was probably the strongest, definitely the sunniest, 91-pound, 91-year-old you’d ever meet. So this cancer just caught us by surprise.

I was home this past March and I’d got it into my head to interview Gramma. So we set up an interview date, and a time, and I’d got a set of prepared questions, but three days prior, Gramma comes over for dinner and she launches into stories – and my favorite kind of stories, about the old days. “This is gold,” I think, so I run for my laptop and as she talks, I turn the stories into full sentences.

Eventually our visit comes to an end and Gramma goes to get her coat. Then she walks back into the kitchen, coatless, to tell me something. I was a good student in typing class, just like my Gramma, so I was able to document her exact words. This is what she said:

RUTH: I couldn’t do this without your mother; she’s always there for me. And your father is always right there too.

BARBARA: That’s what we do.

RUTH: And that’s FOR TRUE! I’ll tell you what I’m going to do, guys: I’m just going to hang around.

BARBARA: See, she’s not going to leave me alone, even when Laurel retreats to California.

RUTH: And has about a dozen kids.

BARBARA: She’d better, we’re counting on it.

RUTH: Your daddy’s got his tongue hanging out, waiting for little kids. “Mit kennish oyz glochen de velt.” — You can’t even out the world. (reflecting on her Yiddish) I’m getting closer to my family, they’re all waiting for me.

BARBARA: There’s no hurry.

RUTH: And don’t ask me where I’m talking Yiddish in my old age. Like I said, they’re all up there laughing at me!

So that’s where we were coming from. That was nine months ago. You heard, Gramma had ideas about spirituality and rejoining her relatives, but she intended to stick around, and we took it for granted that she would.

So On December 1, she’s diagnosed with liver cancer. And on December 17, she tells my mom that she isn’t sure how much longer she can hold on. Mom and Uncle Dick and the whole family had been witnessing her daily decline for the past two and a half weeks. So, for the first time ever, my mom said okay. “What’s good for you is good for us,” she told Gramma. “We’ve got each other and we’ll be okay. We just want you to be comfortable.”

Then Mom went and showed Gramma the lottery ticket, maybe as a kind of inducement to hang around, to see what happens next, or maybe just as a joke, a callback. Gramma laughed when Mom showed her that Powerball stub.

Gramma died on Sunday, as you all know. We hadn’t matched a single number on our ticket but Gramma stayed with us for five extra days. So, in that respect, we won.

That night, Sunday, after we’d left Gramma’s apartment and didn’t really know what to do with ourselves, my cousin Leanne bought a scratch-off lottery ticket. It was entitled “The Good Life” and it just seemed so fitting. So Leanne scratches off the numbers – and it’s a winner! The heiress to five whole American dollars is sitting right there, folks. But it’s the principle that counts, of course. And because of Gramma, in so many ways more significant this, we just kept winning the lottery.

My Gramma once told me, “Our whole family was gentle, and the kids are the apple of your eye.” Her own mother used to say, “You get all of your pleasure from your children.” For Gramma that was certainly true, and her grandkids were the frosting on the cake. She used to say, “If I knew how much I’d enjoy my grandchildren, I would have had more kids.” In Gramma’s vernacular, our names were either prefaced with the words “darling” or “dear,” or given the suffix “love,” like, “Laurel love, it’s your Gramma here.”

We’ll tell more stories back at Mom and Dad’s house about the adventures we five used to have with our grandma. For now, I just want to tell you about Ruth’s final gift to us.

For as long as she knew us, Gramma gave so generously. Limitless was her love, her joy and delight in us, her fascination in our “doings out in the world,” her unshakable belief in our genius and talent. She gave and she gave and she gave. In her final weeks and days, as she physically couldn’t give by spinning more yarns or treating us to breakfast, she gave us each other.

Because of who she was, and the love she lavished upon and modeled for us, we came to sit with her. Relatives visited in person or by phone, and Gramma rallied for those visits. The rest of the time – in my mom’s case, all of the time – we were there: her children and her grandchildren. I got into town a week ago, when my chatty Gramma couldn’t manage very many words and spent a good deal of her time sleeping. So I chatted with my uncle. We brushed his dog’s coat, and we sifted through old photographs and told stories. We spent an entire day together, which is so much more time than we’ve ever spent one-on-one, even though we always celebrate Jewish and national holidays together as a big family. You know how it is, with the chaos of serving and eating and observing holiday rituals and trying to chat with everyone – there’s so little time for dedicated conversation.

I spent days with my cousins. We played improv games and listened to their original chemistry rap and told online dating horror stories. My aunt and I confided our guilty TV pleasures. And every night we’d all have dinner together, we descendants of Ruth and Ray, probably like families used to do in the old days.

My Gramma made us this beautiful family. And then she gave us time to enjoy it, and an opportunity to strengthen our bond to it. My Gramma gave us EACH OTHER.

So we won the lottery.


Beverly Copeland

My Cousin Ruthie Marcus
My relationship with Ruthie began just after I was born, when Ruthie and I met at my family’s apartment on Chicago’s West Side. I don’t recall the incident, of course, but Ruthie mentioned frequently that I was an adorable baby!

Our meeting took place at the first get together of the Marcus Family Club, founded by my mother, Betty, in memory of my dad Max’s grandparents, Bessie and Benjamin Marcus, in 1941, shortly after I was born.

As I was growing up, I remember Ruthie and her nice husband, Ray. We would see them at all the Marcus family functions. Ruthie was always so warm and friendly. When she and Ray started wintering in Florida, and we were there, we would enjoy having lunch or dinner together, often with other Marcus cousins. Once, or maybe twice, I gave Ruth a haircut during our visit. She was so excited and thrilled by that haircut (typical Ruth) that I felt like the new Vidal Sassoon! Ruth was very supportive of my editing and publishing venture, and was a subscriber to Glass Focus almost from the beginning. When our beloved daughter Erin died, and we began the Erin Copeland Building Minds with Books Project to honor her memory, Ruth was a very generous supporter.

Our friendship didn’t blossom until Ruth and Ray moved to the Hyatt in the Glen, later known as the Vi.

Ruth was an extraordinarily, warm, friendly and caring person. After, her initially balking at moving to the Vi, she quickly grew to LOVE, LOVE LOVE it, and was so grateful to Barb and Dickie for opening up this whole new life for her and Ray. She knew everyone at the Vi, as well as their life stories.

It was always fun being with Ruth and sometimes even educational. Ruth and I took one or two classes together at the Vi and not long ago she invited me to a fascinating lecture by a former U.S. Ambassador to England.

This past summer was the last time Ruthie and I had lunch together. I dined with her on the beautiful back veranda of the Vi with her and some of her friends. Ruth had her usual – a grilled cheese sandwich. Even though she ate like a bird, she always encouraged me to eat, eat, eat! It would take her forever to walk down the hall there, because she had to warmly greet every single person she would see.

Ruthie was a very lucky woman and enjoyed a beautiful long, life. She was born with a remarkable personality, had a wonderful and long marriage to Ray, gave birth to two exceptional children, Barbara and Dick who married two exceptional spouses, Rick and Sue. The couples produced, Benjy, Laurel and Sarah and Leanne and Joe. Did I mention that they too were exceptional?! Two great granddaughters, Lyla and Violet, were special gifts.

Ruth celebrated her 90th birthday in 2012 surrounded by loving family and friends and eating her favorite food, a hot dog!

Ruthie enjoyed great physical health throughout most of her long life, due to her good eating habits and her love of exercise.

Ruth was a poster girl for how to live a good life. She adored her family which was everything to her, immediate and extended. She was upbeat, friendly and outgoing, appreciative of all the good things around her; she was interested in the world and those less fortunate; she was active, involved, loved reading, listening to the radio, learning, and was a devoted fan of Jon Stewart.

After we heard the shocking and sad news that Ruth was in hospice, Shelly and I went over to see her. Afraid of what we would find, we saw a thinner but still outgoing and vivacious woman, just a bit more subdued. She was interested in what we were talking about and often joined in the conversation. Sadly, that was our last visit with Ruth.
While in Israel, we received an email from Laurel. We were saddened that we would miss her funeral, and being with the family.

We are very fortunate to have had her in our lives for so long. Her grace, friendship, warmth and love are gifts that we will always cherish.
-Beverly Copeland, January 5, 2014

“Open Concept” Floor Plan: Helicopter Parents’ Panopticon?

http://www.jwhomesblog.com/wp-content/uploads/open-layout-4-with-people.jpg

http://www.jwhomesblog.com/wp-content/uploads/open-layout-4-with-people.jpg

I’ve made some new (parasocial) friends.

My Canadian pals include income property expert Scott McGillivray, fixer-upper angels Drew and Jonathan Scott, designer & realtor nemeses Hilary Farr & David Visentin + (their junior counterparts) Jillian Harris & Todd Talbot, and even Type A reno maven Candice Olson. In Minneapolis, I’ve got my girls Nicole Curtis and Amy Matthews who absolutely rule. In LA, there’s home-makeover fashionista Sabrino Soto, real estate gurus Josh Flagg, Josh Altman, and Madison Hildebrand, and perfection stager Meridith Baer. Cuddly cousins Anthony Carrino and John Colaneri make housecalls in Jersey, David Bromstad keeps it colorful in Miami, Egypt Sherrod assists property virgins in Atlanta, Allison Victoria crashes Midwestern kitchens, and house hunters troll the country (and overseas) for turnkey bargains.

Clearly, I’ve got quite the social life.

When a debilitating cold couched my body but skirted my mind, I was in prime condition for (over)analyzing HGTV.

I’m thinking about if/how American parents’ belief in surveillance has influenced residential architecture and home purchases, specifically in favor of the “open concept.” Do parents really need unwalled kitchens so they can always see their kids in the living room? Talk to me.

I posted that status update to Facebook, a condensed version of this URL + comment I’d posted a few moments earlier:

Love this: “They [Japanese people] like for the children to spend a lot of time with each other with minimal adult intervention so that they can learn how to get along with each other. …children deserve a childhood where they’re able to walk around and have fewer adult eyes on them every moment, then really things can change. Parents can feel that trust in their children.”

Similar sentiments were voiced by a preschool teacher in Norway (not the nature barnehage, a teacher at a conventional preschool). They had a room that was ONLY KIDS ALLOWED, like a clubhouse, because they believe that kids need some time to themselves. In American preschools, there are no doors on bathrooms because teachers need to be able to see kids at all times (and, due to fear of predation, adults are never allowed to be alone with children at any time).

So I’m thinking about if/how American parents’ belief in surveillance has influenced residential architecture and home purchases, specifically in favor of the “open concept.” Parents (usually moms) claim that they need unwalled kitchens so they can see their young children in the living room. How much time do they spend in the kitchen, and why is this chiefly the woman’s concern? What would happen if their eyes were off the kids during their kitchen time? How might lack of privacy and the unimpeded carrying of noise adversely affect familial relationships or activities? Talk to me.

I tipped my biased hand by trotting out the term “surveillance,” which hardly has neutral connotations. It’s a credit to my FB friends that they didn’t totally bristle at this, and I’ll share their insightful comments a little bit later. But before we examine what my friends taught me, I’d like to explain my interests in child-rearing, home design, and surveillance.

My Background

During the spring of 2002, I observed and interviewed educators at several early childhood education and care (ECEC) establishments in eastern Norway, Paris, and Chicago. While my objective was to investigate dimensions of educating vs. caregiving, I couldn’t help but notice how different laws and philosophies influenced the activities of teachers and students alike. From 2003-2006, I had the great good fortune of working in ECEC at The Open Center for Children, Harvard Yard Child Care Center, and The Eliot-Pearson Children’s School; I also regularly visited my best friend Jenn at Garden Nursery School.

In 2008, I began my doctoral studies in Communication at the University of Southern California‘s Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism. Two years later, as a student in IML 501: Digital Media Workshop, I worked with a couple of phenomenal classmates to record a satirical video about ceaselessly measuring and surveilling young children. We designed our video in order to hyperbolically emphasize both the ridiculousness of unremitting assessment and the toll it exacts in the form of overstressed parents and burned-out children. We argued that such a joyless, goal-oriented approach to life and learning, as well as its accompanying usurpation of the free time necessary for developing sensory, social, and emotional skills, may significantly hinder children’s capacity to negotiate in-school and out-of-school challenges.

For three weeks during the summer of 2011, I co-taught two classes of children (aged 5-7 years old and 7-9 years old, respectively) enrolled in a private enrichment program in Mumbai, India. A huge part of the job was educating my privileged students’ wealthy parents. From Monday through Friday, I wrote each class’s daily newsletter for distribution to the parent listserv. Not only did I enumerate our activities, I also explained how the children’s work facilitated their development of fine motor, gross motor, pre-literacy, pre-math, and social and emotional capacities. At the end of each week, we hosted an Open House for parents. I would narrate our slideshow of classroom images, again demystifying the connections between Activity X and Learning/Developmental Goal Y. Then my co-teachers and I would invite parents to both peruse their children’s products and recreate an art project/science experiment. We struggled to strike a balance between keeping parents convinced of the program’s “value-add” and keeping students engaged with projects of value.

The following fall, I was a Teaching Assistant for COMM 395: Gender, Media & Communication. From Dr. Alison Trope, I learned about Foucault’s theory of the panopticon (and then turned around and taught it to my students). Literally, a panopticon is a round, windowed guard tower in a prison yard; from it, rifle-aiming overseers can surveil inmates at all times while inmates never know if/when/who is watching. Foucault reviews societal institutions such as schools, factories, and hospitals and identifies “panopticons” in those environments — sites from which people in power can observe/control subject populations.

Today, I study and design pedagogy that endeavors to teach the whole child; dote on the children of pals and passersby; think about children’s toys and leashes and media and meaning-making; and yearn for (the right time when I can have) children of my own. Two weeks ago, I visited ECEC exemplar Stock School and the autonomy-supportive Chicago Quest Schools. Inspired by a recent in-flight conversation with a Swedish seatmate and friends’ posts of an article + a documentary about “forest kindergartens” (operational in Norway and Switzerland, among other places), I’ve lately been reflecting on European child-rearing. And also, don’t forget, I watch a lot of HGTV, especially since I got that pesky cold.

Research Questions

On most HGTV shows, the high-maintenance home seekers want “open concept” floor plans and rule properties/plans in or out of consideration according to this criterion. So, the Property Brothers, Love It or List It’ers, and other patron saints of home renovation blow out walls, install header beams, and design spaces in order to accommodate this “open concept” craving. Collectively, this adds up to a whole mountain of money.

And why? I hear a lot of parents on these shows claim that they need “open concept” because they have to supervise their children. And I wonder, Do you really _need_ to supervise your children? What happens if you don’t supervise — will the kids REALLY get into life-or-death situations and/or incorrigible patterns of danger-making? What happens if you do supervise — will the kids never learn how to self-monitor and/or entertain themselves?

I also hear parents contend that they entertain a lot, and I wonder what “a lot” means. How frequently do they really have people over, and to what extent should these occasional visits dictate how the house functions on all of the other days of the year?

So that’s how I got from “open concept” floor plans to parenting to panopticons. And now that you know the context, you might very well ask how I could have done otherwise.

Methods

From my two FB postings, I welcomed 20 fascinating comments from 13 friends (Jen, Christine, Grace, Sara, Mike, Diana, Melissa, Marci, Joy, Lauren, Mallory, Liz, Aylin), and also contributed to the conversations eight times in order to clarify, query, and/or share. Here are a few of my comments:

I remember when we were older — maybe it was when my brother was 14, that would make me 10 — my brother and I would be bothered by the light and noise coming from our mom in the kitchen because it interfered with our easy TV watching (poor us, right? anyway). So Benjy figured out that if he opened a storage closet door, it would block our sightline of the kitchen and help a bit with the light and noise… And so I wonder what happens when kids grow up in these homes — do these issues cause them to retreat even further, like to basements or bedrooms, foiling the “all together” rationale of open concept? Is that just a normal part of adolescence? Is open concept really about getting a grand room and not about “all together”?

and

I guess I just wonder about how often kids will get into unsafe stuff during food prep time, and I wonder about the consequences if/when they do. Is the frequency and/or intensity of either enough to justify expensive choices, and potential incursions into privacy? I also wonder if non-catastrophic consequences — like, a child gets a booboo — provide opportunities for learning about cause-and-effect and ultimately, self-regulation and self-efficacy. We all know, I DON’T HAVE KIDS and I’m an egghead for a living, so enlighten me, debate me. I’m just, as the pretentious call it, problematizing… Thank you, friends :)

I also did a very wee bit of online research (Brunner, 2013Hillukka, 2012) and continued to consume HGTV programming in gluttonous proportions.

Results

From these data, I identified opportunities related to “open concept” vs. “traditional” floor plans in terms of three areas:

  1. Sensory Access

  2. Proximity

  3. Lifestyle

Attached to each opportunity are considerations for “everyday” and “entertaining.” I cite the arguments (e.g., raw data) that support each perspective directly beneath them. I purposely leave my judgmental frame behind, instead using positive terms to describe the affordances and assumptions that come with each floor plan. This is not a table of pro’s vs. con’s; it is an inventory of pro’s and pro’s.

1A. Sensory Access (Sight, Sound, Temp) – Everyday:

  • OPEN CONCEPT: Monitoring safety, Lighting multiple rooms from common set of windows, Circulating sound from multiple rooms (e.g., children’s fighting, crying, querying), Universal heating/cooling

Diana: “Parents want to make sure their kids aren’t doing anything unsafe while the parent is trying to cook dinner.”

Melissa: “Right now, I wouldn’t be able to cook dinner if I couldn’t see my kids while I was cooking. Little ones are always getting into something. Not sure the open concept will be as important when they are a little older.”

Marci: “Also now that I have a boy, I have a new appreciation for how quickly a little one can get themselves into trouble. Lucy was easy peasy; James ends up on the coffee table ready to go over the edge in seconds and bruises and head bumps do not deter him – he’s an animal and totally born to be a running back.”

Marci: “In a world where even Lucy watches tv while on my iPhone with 3 other people in the room doing their own thing, I think your ability to hear changes for better or worse”

Hillukka, 2012: “You can also watch the little ones play while you are cooking or working in another room. Finally, an open concept allows more natural light into every room, making the entire area seem more spacious and welcoming.”

  • TRADITIONAL: Facilitating autonomy, Lighting each room from each set of windows, Creating sound barriers between rooms (e.g., TV in living room, food processor in kitchen), Specific heating/cooling

Liz: “the mirror on the wall to see into the living room from my place at the kitchen table works perfectly well. it has been there at least 25 years. i’m also a firm believer in “if it’s too quiet something is up.” especially having been the one making too little noise during childhood.”

Aylin: “dear laurel. hi. i am totally with you that kids need their own time and space to play.”

Jen: I absolutely agree with your thoughts on this, Laurel. American anxieties regularly interfere with play (is my child being bullied? is my child not talking enough? too much?) making it hard for kids to practice resolving things on their own. Honestly, this is one of the reasons we opted for a house without and open floor plan (that and cost–because nobody wants them!).”

Christine: “Very interesting to think about. I have a 5 and 3 year old (and one due any day now). I think what happens is that children’s abilities evolve so gradually, and parents don’t always see that growth because they’re in it every day. Parents may not realize their children can be trusted with the next level of difficulty. Also, I think our generation of parents prioritizes eliminating pain/suffering for our children and will go to great lengths (home construction, surrender of privacy, etc) to control their environment. It is physically and emotionally exhausting to try to keep this up for any length of time. We have tried to settle into a more comfortable style of mitigating risks so the kids can play unsupervised (we have a fence, we removed saws from the basement play area). It is so satisfying to hear the kids playing independently. We’re all having a lot more fun.”

Grace: “I remember childhood as a non-chaperoned experience. My parents were there but they would not have known to intervene unless we asked them to. They weren’t poor parents – they were parents in the 60’s and 70’s.

Today we have a number of issues that make this ideal difficult. -Heavily scheduled young kids. -Childcare – my nanny job often entails entertaining and daycare has a schedule to follow. When would most young children be able to experience this and living in America today – how would we facilitate it? Beyond safety concerns that have our hands tied – a group of cousins I know- spend time at gatherings away from prying parental units and every time, as their parents relate, they wreck the place or gang up and bully one or more of the group. I guess this might mean that they need more ‘alone time’ to work things out in a positive manner. But it could also just be Lord of the Flies. But as far as ‘open concept’ – in 30 years as a nanny working in other peoples homes, the last 15 years the homes are open -before that they were closed. I think you might be onto something!”

Hillukka, 2012: “Sight lines are challenging in an open concept plan. When painting the walls or decorating one area, you have to consider the way everything looks overall. Worst of all, sound carries throughout and it can cost more to heat and cool this type of home… If someone in the household wakes up early or likes to stay up late, keep in mind that the noise might carry throughout the house, keeping everyone else awake.”

1B. Sensory Access (Sight, Sound, Smell) – Entertaining:

  • OPEN CONCEPT: Revealing process, Maintaining cohesive design across rooms, Enabling continuous dinner party conversation, Wafting kitchen smells

Mallory: “But mostly, I believe that the open plan house is a reflection of American society becoming less formal and acknowledging where our time is actually spent. Instead of hiding away the messiness of meal prep, it is now out there in the open for everyone to see.”

Brunner, 2013:  “‘It also showcased a shift to a more casual lifestyle,’ says Andrea Dixon of Fiddlehead Design Group. ‘People weren’t afraid to expose reality — i.e., a messy kitchen.””

  • TRADITIONAL: Controlling spectacle, Establishing particular design per room, Enabling private tangents, Containing kitchen smells

Brunner, 2013: “‘There will always be some people who are uncomfortable with letting guests see their ‘unmentionables,” she [Andrea Dixon of Fiddlehead Design Group] says. ‘It’s definitely a more formal layout, but it ultimately comes down to personal preference.’

If you want to leave your smells and mess behind when serving meals, a closed layout could be for you.

[Said Andrea Dixon of Fiddlehead Design Group], ‘But a couple who loves to entertain might opt for a closed-concept space so they can prep courses ahead of time and not spoil the surprise. It totally depends on your lifestyle.'”

Hillukka, 2012: “For example, if you have lots of artwork, you will have little wall space to hang it. You also have to work extra hard to keep every space within the room clean; if one area is messy, it can affect the rest of the room.”

2A. Proximity – Everyday:

  • OPEN CONCEPT: Facilitating everyone’s desire to be close, Relying on multi-tasking

Diana: “Think about how much time working parents have with their kids on week nights. Hint: it’s not much, and a good part of it is spent frantically doing chores. Parents want to maximize their time with their kids. Open concept helps them do this.”

Marci: “For the kids, when you have what amounts to a second shadow, I imagine it helps decrease the number of times you hear mommy where are you and come in to the living room and watch me lol.”

Mallory: “I have three girls, so my take on toddlers is different than those with boys. My girls (2 and 4, the 4 month old can’t get away from me yet) can play in their bedroom or in the playroom in the basement if they would like to while I am preparing dinner, but they are at the age where they want me involved in their play a fair amount. And as Diana Tang pointed out, as a working mom I have to say no to those requests all too often, so having an open plan allows me to participate without sacrificing dinner. “

Mallory: “In terms of multitasking, you just get used to constantly doing two things at once.”

Marci: “Everything about parenting is tiring lol but if you are good at cooking, you will find you don’t need to devote as much of yourself to the process.”

Marci: “Lol, it’s also the best thing I’ve ever done and I’m sure you feel the same but it is tiring an involves a lot of multitasking. I can’t remember the last time I was able to focus on one thing for more than 30 seconds. I just don’t get that kind of free time anymore”

Aylin: “the open plan thing is helpful not so i can keep my eye on the kids but because they won’t go play somewhere far away from me. generally they want to be where the action is, where everyone is hanging out, where their mama is. if i put a playroom somewhere out of sight or hearing of me, my kids would never go in there. they would take their toys and come play by me, wherever i happen to be. my guys are little though so i’m sure it changes as they get older.”

Brunner, 2013: “Today this layout has become the go-to kitchen style, particularly for families. The combined layout allows for optimum multitasking — parents can prepare dinner, watch the news and help with homework at the same time.”

  • TRADITIONAL: Supporting everyone’s need for alone time, Boosting efficiency

Mike: “I also know that when I am cooking and people are over, I can only spend a small portion of my attention on others. So if the purpose is awareness of and connection to your children, I wonder how much this type of floor plan really allows for that. 

I mean, I really enjoy cooking as a hobby and like how I can focus on a task and lose time in it. I know hobbies go on the backburner in parenthood, but I would think that the act of cooking and watching your children would really change the process. In fact, i wonder whether it would make it even more mentally taxing to have your attention split between two things you really want to be monitoring. It seems like it could be tiring to keep track of everything.”

Jen: “But with 3 kids we really didn’t want to see/hear all of their secrets and play. We also let them play in the pantry (the fairy cave), bedrooms with doors closed (letting the cat out first!) and other “secret” spaces.”

2B. Proximity – Entertaining:

  • OPEN CONCEPT: Allowing all guests into their favorite gathering space– the kitchen, Avoiding host’s kitchen-based isolation

Marci: “I want an open concept floor plan but not because of the kids. It’s great for entertaining since everyone always ends up in the kitchen and since I cook a lot, I can still be part of the party or the kids playing or whatever.”

Mallory: “And as Marcy pointed out – entertaining is much more fun, which we do a fair amount.”

Brunner, 2013: “And it’s difficult to interact with friends and family while whipping up meals, since most of the room is reserved for the work triangle.”

Hillukka, 2012: “If you like to throw parties, you will never feel like you are stuck in the kitchen again.”

  • TRADITIONAL: Satisfying most guests’ comfort in plush gathering space(s)– living/dining room(s), Promoting host’s kitchen-based focus

No one made this argument but it’s the logical counterpart to the former set of assertions. By closing off the kitchen, one “forces” guests to relax in staged and comfy surrounds. This removal of all/most guests from the kitchen also frees the host’s focus from conversing and hosting and directs it solely to the kitchen-based tasks at hand.

3A. Lifestyle – Everyday:

  • OPEN CONCEPT: Making house/rooms seem larger, Welcoming everyone to join in projects

Melissa: “Definitely makes our living space seem bigger though.”

Sara: “We are building a house and designed an open floor plan with kitchen and family room. Not for surveillance, but those are the 2 most used rooms so why not combine them for use?!”

  • TRADITIONAL: Giving sense of coziness, Maintaining nooks for privacy or specific purpose

Lauren: “We lived with an open floor plan for 10 years, 6 of those with a child. We recently moved to an older home that is not open, and I love it. I like for every room to have its own purpose – with our open space, the kitchen and family room all blended together. So keeping food in the kitchen didn’t really happen. Papers were everywhere, toys were everywhere. I like separate rooms…but I do feel “old-fashioned” saying that. I’m clearly in the minority.”

Jen: “They [her children] have their own culture and complex power balance and we *mostly* try to stay out of it. Adults need to remember that we are less important than we think.  Thanks for posting!”

3B. Lifestyle – Entertaining:

  • OPEN CONCEPT: Hosting parties frequently, Preferring informal structures, Enabling unfettered flow between/among spaces

Mallory: “We actually entertain more than we did before we had kids. We don’t have to get a sitter, leave before bedtimes or try to keep toddlers entertained in a restaurant. It is somewhat backwards but it is actually easier than going out and we get to see our friends.”

Marci: “Most definitely but surveillance at least for me would be a very small component. It would mostly be for entertaining. We actually entertain more at home since having kids. It can be tricky to coordinate sitters and expensive so often it’s easier to have people come over after bedtime. It’s also impossible to eat out with small kids — you spend the entire meal wrangling them. But at home, they can play with each other while the adults have a civilized meal at the table with conversation and everything. It’s an entirely different world to have a meal somewhere the kids can run around and play.”

Brunner, 2013: “This layout doesn’t allow for direct access from the kitchen to the dining table, or vice versa.”

  • TRADITIONAL: Hosting parties infrequently, Preferring formal structures, Setting aside spaces for different types of energy/activity

Brunner, 2013: “‘You’ve got to consider the way you live in your home and the way you use your home,’ says Carrino. ‘How do you use your kitchen? How do you foresee using your new kitchen?'”

Say I, in terms of energy, especially when hosting, I think there’s value to having different “zones.” The gregarious need space to loudly cavort, introverts crave a less stimulating place to chat, and gamers might want a room to focus on their match-ups. While folks tend to use anchoring furniture to designate spaces within an open concept expanse, in practice I wonder whether these spaces get smushed or the potential for really getting loud/personal/competitive is limited by outsiders’ noise and eyes.

 Discussion

This work reveals both opportunities and unintended consequences related to design choices and parenting practices.

While I began this research by grappling with provocative questions about effects and implications, this study does not illuminate if/how architectural affordances impact child development. Rather, it is a descriptive study, illuminating everyday and entertaining opportunities that parents (and a few non-parents) consider in order to make floor plan decisions.

  • Future Research

Future research might examine whether and how floor plans are correlated with parenting practices and/or children’s self-regulation. If any correlation exists, which came first, the chicken or the egg — that is, did parenting practices inform floor plan acquisitions or did floor plans shape parenting practices? Did parenting practices lead to children’s self-regulation, or did children’s self-regulation inspire their parents’ practices? Obviously, working with a larger, non-convenience sample also would lend more credibility to my findings.

I was fascinated to discover how my friends introduced gender into the conversation. Rather than engaging with the feminization of housework and child care, which I briefly mentioned in my first unabridged comment, my (heterosexual female) friends talked about young boys’ and girls’ distinct play styles and subsequently differing “needs” for supervision. So how, if at all, would fathers’ and/or same-sex parents differently respond to my queries? Additionally, is my friends’ observation about boys’ and girls’ dissimilar behavior universally shared? How might expectations that sex/gender compel particular parenting practices then cause the manifestation of these particular parenting practices?

The question of class is the elephant in the (hybrid kitchen/living/dining) room. The “open concept” might be the exclusive province of the middle class — the upper class might prefer a closed kitchen in which their domestic help can invisibly toil, while the lower class might prefer several small rooms in order to shelter extended families and/or they may lack access to the newer construction in which “open concept” can be found. Gathering data on both rates of and preferences for “open concept” among families of various classes might be interesting. It’s also worth considering whether this entire examination is of limited import, reasonably chalked up to “first world” or “white people’s problems.” Like Ellen Seiter illuminated in Sold Separately, educated white women sometimes hand-wring over inconsequential issues that might affect their kids, instead of focusing on major issues (e.g., poverty, homelessness, broken public schooling) that do affect other people’s kids and, due to the vastness and ripple effects of the problem, them too.

My sorority sister Mallory observed, “What is somewhat interesting to me is that the open plan kitchen has risen while cooking meals is on the decline, or at least that is my perception.” Mike, my former classmate from both high school and college, replied, “I, too, have the impression that desire for this layout has increased when the actual amount of entertaining or cooking has decreased.” Is this inverse relationship borne out by the data? If so, does the decrease in cooking help to explain the permissibility of an “open concept” because the interference of cooking sounds and cooking smells, as well as the need for cooking concentration, no longer exist?

Finally, Mike went on to identify a few additional factors that also might have influenced the rise of the open concept:

“Right, so you could characterize the opening up of American floor plans to be about multi-tasking (or normalizing increased demands on attention) as much as you could surveillance. Although, you could also view it through the lenses of socialization, family interactions, electronics-centered entertainments, our approach to food and eating, etc. etc. People seem to be drawn towards it for a variety of reasons.”

Conclusion

I found that attributing the rise of the “open concept” floor plan to the surveillance needs of helicopter parents is too simplistic. Differing preferences for sensory access, proximity, and lifestyle in contexts of both everyday and entertaining help to explain parents’ gravitation towards or away from the “open concept” floor plan.

Thank you all for your contributions and inspiration!

Love, Josephine-style

To honor Valentine’s Day and again trot out one of my most beloved essays from ye olde blogge of yore, I share this inspirational and TRUE story…

What Would Josephine Do?

(originally published online 10/01/07)

Josephine was one big dating “don’t.”

She pushed too hard. She clung too tight. She regularly chewed her anus.

Josephine was a bitch – literally. 100% female dog.

If you don’t count the carnival fish or science class hermit crabs, Josephine was my only pet, the lone animal to capture my heart. Worms captured her heart, but that’s another story.

When it comes to matters of the heart, Josephine actually had a lot to teach. I didn’t appreciate this at the time, but now that I’m older and infinitely wiser, I can see Josephine for what she really was:

A love goddess.

It’s true. Don’t be fooled by the fact that she used to snarf her own turds – nothing more than a crafty ruse to throw us off-track.

Clever girl.

Josephine educated by example, both negative and positive.

NEGATIVE: Josephine used to bully us into giving up physical affection. She’d whine. She’d squeal. She’d bash me with her head, applying snout-as-lever force in order to send my hand arcing through the air and landing limply atop her head. Oh, how I’d dread her approach. Oh, how I’d bruise like a peach.

What’s the lesson in all of this? First, keep your elbows above muzzle level and always protect your extremities. Second, violence is no way to win love.

Today, when I find myself yearning for creature comfort (and know a non-blood relation who might consider giving it), Josephine’s teachings form the cornerstone of my strategy. I sideline my “grabby snout.” I put myself in my (hypothetical) boyfriend’s shoes by reflecting on what I would have appreciated: A reasonably worded rubdown request; a few upfront tit-for-tat pats. If Josephine had treated me with respect, I would’ve happily scratched behind her ears, and felt like a sweetheart instead of a servant.

POSITIVE: Josephine’s loyalty was limitless. True, her protective instincts could err on the side of excess. For example, there was the time that Josephine scared the neighbor’s dog so profoundly, it channeled its agitation by popping one of its eyeballs from the socket. The eyeball dangled free for a couple of hours, but that’s not the point.

The point is, if you look past that unfortunate incident, you’ll glimpse a lifetime of steadfast devotion.

Here’s the lesson: Get your crew’s back and show ’em some love. In this era of multi-tasking and compartmentalizing, time and love are increasingly rare. Basic supply and demand, my friends —being rare makes them valuable. So don’t skip out on the socializing or skimp on the sentiment. Josephine never did.

During her later years, arthritis in her hips made stair-climbing difficult. Dad built her a ramp, complete with carpet squares and wooden braces. During her later years, incontinence made bladder control impossible. Dad built her a dog house, complete with supplementary space heater. Josephine never used the ramp, though, and she never ventured into the dog house. Why?

“Because she was dumb” would’ve been my answer several years ago. But now that I’ve uncovered Josephine’s love goddess identity, I’ve changed my tune. Maybe she rejected the ramp because she was eager to accompany us and the ramp would’ve slowed her down. Maybe she bypassed the dog house because she wanted to watch us and the dog house would’ve limited her vision.

Or maybe she was dumb.

Regardless, the lesson we can derive is still a valuable one: Love your loved ones, and then love ‘em some more.

It’s been five years since Josephine died. Gone are the fur clumps that used to choke the staircase cracks. Gone are the neon yellow stains she leaked onto my carpet and my carpet alone.

But the heart’s a funny thing. Every time I walk through my parents’ door, I still brace myself for Josephine, inwardly cringing as I anticipate her full-on knee-rush, paint-peeling breath blast, room-clearing fart gas…

For nothing. Because Josephine is gone.

So I hang up my jacket in the vacuum of eerie silence, breathe in the scent of antiseptic cleanliness, and am always, unaccountably, disappointed.

Now I’m on my own, looking for love in this brave new world. As I negotiate the perils of online and face-to-freak dating— trashing misspelled come-ons from middle-aged foreigners, meeting up with bleary-eyed belchers for a cup of 7-11 Big Brew—I find I’m at a loss. How should I act?, I wonder. What should I do?

That’s when I intone my trusty mantra: WWJD, What Would Josephine Do? And I act according to her enlightened example.

So maybe I am still “single” and without a “prospect” between “here” and “Kingdom Come.” But I swear, it’s not because of interpersonal incompetence. Thanks to the love goddess, my dating deeds are not one big “don’t.”

And someday, they’ll end in “I do.”

The Day Has Come

Yom Kippur begins tonight at sundown. This means that, for Jews, it’s time for us to reflect on our lives over the past year and, hopefully, wipe the slate clean and start fresh.

Three years ago, I found this poem/self-reflection tool that so eloquently invites us to think/act towards enriching ourselves and our lives. I share it because I care.

——————-

The day has come
To take an accounting of my life.

Have I dreamed of late
Of the person I want to be,
Of the changes I would make
In my daily habits,
In the way I am with others,
In the friendship I show companions,
Woman friends, man friends, my partner,
In the regard I show my father and mother,
Who brought me out of childhood?

I have remained enchained too often to less than what I am.
But the day has come to take an accounting of my life.

Have I renewed of late
My vision of the world I want to live in,
Of the changes I would make
In the way my friends are with each other
In the way we find out whom we love
The way we grow to educated people
The way in which the many kinds of needy people
Grope their way to justice?

I, who am my own kind of needy person, have been afraid of visions.
But the day has come to take accounting of my life.

Have I faced up of late
To the needs I really have –
Not for the comforts which shelter my unsureness
Not for honors which paper over my (really tawdry) self,
Not for handsome beauty in which my weakness masquerades,
Not for unattractiveness in which my strengths hide out –

I need to be loved.
Do I deserve to be?
I need to love another.
Can I commit my love?
Perhaps its object will be less than my visions
(And then I would be less)
Perhaps I am not brave enough
To find new vision
Through a real and breathing person.

I need to come in touch with my own power,
Not with titles,
Not possessions, money, high praise,
But with the power that it is mine
As a child of the Power that is the universe
To be a comfort, a source of honor,
Handsome and beautiful from the moment I awoke this morning
So strong
That I can risk the love of someone else
So sure
That I can risk to change the world
And know that even if it all comes crashing down
I shall survive it all—
Saddened a bit, shaken perhaps,
Not unvisited by tears
But my dreams shall not crash down
My visions not go glimmering.
So long as I have breath
I know I have the strength
To transform what I can be
To what I am.

The day has come
To take an accounting of my life.

Levy, R.D. (Ed.) (1985). On Wings of Awe: A Machzor for Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. Hillel Foundations. pp. 104-106.

Digital Kids 2012

Excited to volunteer tomorrow for 6th annual Digital Kids Conference!

Now in our 6th year, Digital Kids Conference 2012 takes place April 25-26, 2012 in Los Angeles, CA. at the Pasadena Convention Center. Digital Kids provides companies the critical information they need to build successful online and mobile products and services for kids. The show features 95 speakers in 5 conference tracks, including:

SafetyContentOperationsBusiness and Market Research.

Speakers include industry leaders such as DisneyWizard101/KingsIsleActivisionLEGO Group,Rovio/Angry Birds, Spin MasterNational Football LeagueCartoon NetworkUbisoftCookie Jar,Sony OnlineKIDZBOPMind CandyPeanutsGoogleYahoo! KidsThe NPD GroupFederal Trade CommissionCalifornia Atty General and many more.

These experts will share their insight on building, managing and monetizing services, products and interactive content for digital kids and connected youth. This is your opportunity to gain the latest insight on mobile and iPad apps, social games, social media, virtual worlds, and more – all targeting kids and youth.

I combed through the schedule and am particularly interested in these panels…

Wednesday:
***1. National Geographic, Smart Bomb & Microsoft: Gaming for Good (this relates directly to my research)

I’m sure that any/all assignments I receive will provide rich opportunities for edification and networking. What fun!